Why do roofs leak at valleys and not on the open slope?
Valleys are where water from two roof slopes concentrates into one channel. All the water from two entire roof planes arrives in one narrow area, which stresses the flashing and seals. The rate of water flow in a valley is much higher than on an open slope.
Think of a valley as a gutter on the roof. Water arrives at high velocity, which is why valley flashing has to be durable and well-sealed.
A valley flashing that is corroded, bent, or separated will leak in a heavy rain when the slope is dry.
Can flashing be repaired with caulk or roofing cement?
For a temporary hold, sometimes. But permanent repair usually requires replacing the flashing. Caulk and roofing cement are short-term fixes; metal flashing lasts longer.
A temporary patch with roofing cement might buy time while you plan a permanent repair, but coastal weather (sun, salt air, wind) degrades caulk fast. Plan to replace the flashing within a year.
Experienced roofers usually do not recommend caulk for flashing; they recommend proper replacement.
How often does flashing need to be replaced or maintained?
Annual inspection is wise, especially on a coastal roof. Metal flashing can be touched up or resealed every few years. Complete flashing replacement depends on age and material: 15-25 years for most metals in a coastal climate, longer if inland.
Salt air reduces flashing lifespan. A 20-year-old metal valley in the mountains might still be sound; a 15-year-old valley in Gloucester may be rusted and ready for replacement.
Budget for flashing maintenance as part of regular roof upkeep.
Why is chimney flashing so prone to failure?
Chimneys are masonry, which moves with temperature and settling. The flashing attached to a moving chimney is stressed continuously. Mortar between the chimney and flashing deteriorates, creating gaps where water enters. Chimneys are also high points on the roof where wind and rain are intense.
Proper chimney flashing is complex: base flashing under the shingles, counter-flashing tucked into the chimney mortar, and sealant sealing the joint. If any one part fails, water gets in.
Chimney repair is best done by a roofer experienced with masonry, not just roof repairs.